as it tends to be in Europe. The book arrived in western Europe long before the newspaper; but Russia and middle Europe developed the book and newspaper almost together, with the result that they have never unscrambled the two forms. Their journalism exudes the private point of view of the literary mandarin. British and American journalism, however, have always tended to exploit the mosaic form of the newspaper format in order to present the discontinuous variety and incongruity of ordinary life. The monotonous demands of the literary community—that the newspaper use its mosaic form to present a fixed point of view on a single plane of perspective— represent a failure to see the form of the press at all. It is as if the public were suddenly to demand that department stores have only one department. The classified ads (and stock-market quotations) are the